Whats Truly Happening with Samples of a Narrative Essay

<h1> What's Truly Happening with Samples of a Narrative Essay </h1> <p>As a rule, five passages are acceptable in any case. With only a little practice that next composing task will be a breeze. Remember that despite the fact that account expositions appear to be a simple activity, it stays a task that ought to be prepared on schedule. </p> <h2>The Unexposed Secret of Samples of a Narrative Essay </h2> <p>The fantastic account article requests enough second. Anyway basic composing this sort of exposition is, an article author is as yet required to encounter the paper composing process on the off chance that he wishes to build up a satisfactory paper. A stunning account article proposition proclamation is a concise theoretical which is frequently made through a superb writer's individual view. A concise story, by and by, is not the same as an account article in that it doesn't rotate around a pre-set theme, and that it doesn't have a specific arrangement. </p> <p>In the presentation, you have to snare a peruser and make them read the rest of your exposition. It is basic that you set the pace of your exposition from the beginning. The acquaintance is required with offer a rundown of what's in the account article. The presentation of your exposition can start with a snare. </p> <p>A theory proclamation specifies the subtleties that you're going to put a lot of spotlight on in guaranteeing there is a legitimate article to the focused on peruser. You may utilize the appropriation of sentences to perceive the sections that will be exceptionally acknowledged by the crowd. Moreover, your article should be composed dependent on the all inclusive standards of language structure and writing. The dubious thing about the account exposition is there are in every case a few cutoff points to the aggregate of substance you can offer your perusers with. </p> <p>A account exposition is respected to be among the most notable typ es of assignments that understudies get very frequently. Most existing apart from everything else, understudies are mentioned to compose contention papers that present a particular perspective and attempt to convince the crowd. A few understudies use the absolute first thought which shows up in their mind and work on it, yet the result isn't effective. In this manner, numerous understudies and workers choose to buy moderate exposition as opposed to composing it themselves. </p> <h2> Who Else Wants to Learn About Samples of a Narrative Essay? </h2> <p>Most online assets will gracefully you with assets on how best to form a perfect story paper. Some experience diverse monetary difficulties. At the point when it respects story exposition themes, there are various things you need to think about. The subject of the account article for the most part shows the essayist's understanding and there isn't any need to utilize any information from the outside sources. < /p> <p>Morality has an assortment of unsolved issues, the arrangement on which for the most part presents a choice. Every once in a while, be that as it may, a story isn't about such essential subjects. Since the substance of accounts paper can differ when it has to do with different foundations, we've set out to flexibly you with models in the occasion you face an issue.</p> <h2> What You Must Know About Samples of a Narrative Essay</h2> <p>Developing a story exposition is like recounting to a story. In old style talk, it is one of the activities known as the progymnasmata. Stories are focused at telling about yourself. Account composing makes it extremely simple for you to be in a situation to associate different events and stories. </p> <p>As soon as you have snatched the enthusiasm of your perusers, presently you can start your story. In truth, it is like a story, yet unique in it is weaved around a theme. Regardless of whether your story is valid or a fiction, guarantee you transfer an assortment of occasions in a sincerely captivating manner. An elegantly composed story consistently contains a lot of subtleties that will help the peruser to comprehend essayist's understanding. </p>

Bad Information Technology Research Paper Topics and How to Avoid Them

Bad Information Technology Research Paper Topics and How to Avoid ThemIt's common knowledge that the most difficult problems that students face in college are on topics related to IT and information technology. I've seen this both on my own research and in conversations with other college professors. People in IT seem to have the problem of them simply not knowing enough about it. This has led to a large number of IT issues popping up during business class, homework and even on the final project.This is a big part of the problem. Students learn how to manage things and make things work, but they never spend enough time researching and finding out what their employers think about their assignments. As a result, they find themselves taking the organization and management aspect of IT all wrong. And this isn't a good place to be if you want to get into the field.In addition to having an unwillingness to spend time researching the subject matter, there are many reasons why students fail to successfully tackle one of the most commonly seen bad information technology research paper topics. One reason is that many of these students simply don't have the right attitude for the project. They believe that it is something that they have to do and they aren't willing to do the research necessary to succeed. The solution? Pull the paper and move on to the next one.The other reason comes from the students who believe that they will succeed no matter what because they have the knowledge that they need to succeed with any specific project. Again, the solution? Pull the paper and move on to the next one.The good news is that these problems can be avoided. There are programs available that are specifically designed to help students and professors to complete assignments related to IT. Most of these programs will allow students to work at their own pace and set their own goals for the assignment. Let's take a look at some of the great things about these programs. First of all, th ey allow students to complete assignments that they wouldn't be able to do in school. If they don't have enough of a background in the subject matter or if they are simply afraid of getting into the industry, they can have their work graded by someone who is an expert in the field. When students take part in these programs, they also have access to an IT support team that they can contact with any questions or concerns they may have.One more great thing about these programs is that they help you avoid the most common problems that students face when tackling bad information technology research paper topics. For example, many of the students fail to understand the importance of writing clear and concise information about the topic. It is the job of the instructors to make sure that this happens, but most students don't realize that they have the tools to help make it happen.If you find yourself struggling with these types of bad information technology research paper topics, you will be glad to know that there are programs available to help you through this difficult time. You don't have to worry about writing a paper because the program will handle that for you. It is designed to help you avoid the common mistakes that most students make as well as help you stay focused while completing your project.

College Admission Essay Samples - Your Guide to Writing One

College Admission Essay Samples - Your Guide to Writing OneCollege admission essays are filled with very helpful information, but not all of the advice you need to write an admissions essay is available for free. College admission essays should be one of the most important parts of your college application. Even if you're not applying to any prestigious college, you will still need a college essay that is more than just an ad. If you take the time to get good college essay samples then you will have it for life.Some free college essay samples are so good that they could land you into a great college that would pay you for your application. For example, if you write an amazing essay about why you want to attend a certain college, chances are you will be accepted to that college. If you talk about what makes you different from other applicants, then you'll stand out as an individual and more likely to get accepted. Some students do well with these free college admission essays because they have a passion or have a personality that makes them stand out. Theses are the things that will stand out in an interview.Writing college admission essays are a lot easier when you know how to use the right college admission essay tips. Writing a college essay is just like writing any other kind of essay. It can be found in almost any college or university. The trick to being able to come up with a well-written college admission essay is to first have some knowledge about your subject. Know what you want to say and then begin researching and writing your essay.There are many online resources you can utilize in order to help you write your college admissions essay. The best college admission essay samples are the ones you find yourself devouring, because you're not alone. It's a lot easier to read things that are written by other people than it is to find someone to help you out.When looking for free college essay samples, make sure you have your essay ready by the date of the t est you will be taking. That way you can change it for the perfect college admission essay. Many college admission essays are much longer than the usual 4-5 page essay. You may even have some extra space for discussion. Make sure you have your essay ready.The next tip on writing a college admission essay is to keep it interesting. This is not an essay for people who don't like to read a bit of information. In fact, you should want to do well on the exam. If you are concerned about whether or not you have the correct grammar, grammar guides are offered for free online. These grammar guides will show you the best ways to tell your story.College admission essays can be a wonderful tool that helps you get into any college you choose. They are not written in a chronological fashion, so it can be helpful to have them prepared. Writing a college admission essay is not easy, but it does not have to be time consuming. With a little bit of planning and studying, you can ace that college entra nce exam.

The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations Free Essays

Northern Kentucky University The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations Thesis: Examine how the Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, and Cayuga, and the 1722 addition of the Tuscarora, resulted in the Iroquois Confederacy or Six Nations and their influence on the creation of the Constitution. Nicole Cushingberry Cultural Anthropology Michael Striker December 16, 2011 Nicole Cushingberry Instructor: Michael Striker Anthropology 100 The Iroquois: Confederacy to Six Nations The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as Five Nations or Six Nations after the 1720 inclusion of the Tuscarora, was a collective of tribes that occupied the upper region of New York state around Lake Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Southern Ontario and Quebec. The term Iroquois is an English deviation from a French deviation of an offensive Algonkian (group of Native American Indian languages used from South Carolina to Labrador, Canada and west to the Great Plains) term for â€Å"real snakes†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Originally, the members of the confederacy described themselves as Kanonsionni (compound word – kanonsa meaning â€Å"house† and â€Å"ionni† meaning extended) or â€Å"people of the longhouse† whereas today the term Haudenosaunee is used which translates to â€Å"people building an extended house†. The literal meaning of these terms describes the housing arrangement of the Iroquois – a dwelling typically 60 feet long (as large as 300 feet long) constructed of young, bendable trees, covered with bark. Historically and by native traditions, Dekanawidah, a Huron tribe member and shaman, is credited with creating the Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as The Great Law of Peace, between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Great Law of the Iroquois was communicated orally, believed to be one of the earliest collections of governing principles equivalent to the constitution, and was utilized as a justice system to be applied to tribe members by their chiefs. Chief Hiawatha, an Onondaga living amongst a Mohawk tribe and an equivalent to a modern day politician, was persuaded by Dekanawidah to teach The Great Law of the Iroquois in hopes of eliminating the ongoing conflicts between the tribes resulting in the raiding of villages to obtain captives, retaliation, and murder. Dekanawidah also hoped that by uniting the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca, they would be able to defend themselves against European invasion. Tribal Society Several tribes of the Northeast region spoke the Iroquois language but not all of them were members of the confederacy (at left, map shows the tribes and regions in New York State; the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy is shown in red). The Five Nations, was formed when the Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, and Seneca agreed to abide by the principles of The Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy; Six Nations was created when the Tuscaroa, a tribe from North Carolina, Requested admittance into the confederacy to gain protection from European colonization oreover, enslavement. The Six Nations of the confederacy is comprised of clan groups of matrilineal descent, with members being part of the mother’s family (all members of each clan were related to other clans via the mothers) automatically at birth and will remain as such for their lifetime. Family kinship was determined by bifurcate merging, with unilineal descent. The Iroquois were matrilocal; when a man was selected as b eing worthy to join their longhouse as a husband by the elder women, after marriage, the couple resided in the longhouse of woman’s birth. Though women were in the position of power commonly held by men, they did not dominate the society. The most senior woman lead her clan and was charged with the naming of children, working her advisors to elect a chief to represent the clan and remove him if he did not meet his obligations, food production and distribution, making clothing, participating in medicinal groups, and as a pastime, took part in gambling. Men were responsible for hunting, managing military tasks, fighting in wars, and acting as a representative, if selected, of his longhouse. The Iroquois mode of subsistence was agriculturally based society, which their staple crops being corn, squash, and beans. Their diet was enhanced by gathering fruit, roots, and nuts some of which was often dried for later use. During hunting season, the men trapped squirrels, rabbits, beaver and hunted bears and deer. They traded goods such as pipes, beaded clothing, furs, and food items. Religion consisted in devotion to â€Å"The Great Spirit†, creator of the world. All things in the Iroquois existence were taken care of by the spirits of the trees, plants, wind, rain, and other aspects of nature. They believed that a world of supernatural powers existed, with both good and evil entities and felt these spirits could alter the course of their lives. The religious specialists of the Iroquois were known as the â€Å"Keepers of the Faith† and were male or female and held the position part-time. The keepers were selected by the elders and were tasked with arranging and conducting religious ceremonies, such as funerals or fighting illness and disease. Constitutional Influence The main authors of the Constitution of the United States, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, were highly influence and inspired by the principles of the Six Nations. Iroquois chiefs were invited to the Continental Congress Hall where on June 11, 1776, the focus of discussion was on the topic of independence. The chiefs presented a speech that detailed an on-going friendship between the Iroquois and the new Americans, and this relationship would only continue if both groups acted â€Å"as one people, and have one heart†. There are many similarities between the constitution and the principles of the Iroquois. Researchers Vine Deloraia, Bruce Johnson, and Donald Grind have found that the very foundation of both sets of principles mirror each ther (Johansen 1998:79): life, liberty, and happiness (Declaration of Independence); government by reason and consent rather than coercion (Albany Plan and Articles of Confederation); religious tolerance (and ultimately religious acceptance) instead of a state church; checks and balances; federalism (U. S. Constitution); and relative equality of property, equal rights before the law, and the thorny proble m of creating a government that can rule equitably across a broad geographic expanse (Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution). Native America had a substantial role in shaping all of these ideas. Payne 1996:607, quoting Grinde and Johansen, Exemplars of Liberty, xx) Further, Johansen found that Franklin was using quotes from the Onondaga and advising Americans in their ill feeling towards England: Our wise ancestors established union and amity between the five nations. This has made us formidable. This has given us great weight and authority with our neighboring nations. We are a powerful Confederacy, and by your observing the same methods our wise ancestors have taken you will acquire much strength and power; therefore, whatever befalls you, do not fall out with one another. Johansen 1998:8) In closing, to think that the Constitution of the United States is based upon the life principles of a group of people once thought to be savages, is both a revelation and a disappoin tment. It is truly amazing that some many people with a common language can come together as one group for the benefits of all – socially, economically, and for the protection against a common enemy. The people of the Six Nations lived lives based on survival rather than greed by our current day definition. However, what I find disappointing and disheartening, is the fact that we as Americans came to this country to escape oppression from the crown. Yet upon arrival in this new land, we turn and do the similar oppressive acts to the Native Americans. We called them savages and treated them as if they occupied a status lower than animals, yet we base the very document that makes use Americans on their life principles. A statement by issued during a discussion at Albany Franklin summarizes my point of view: â€Å"It would be a strange thing†¦ f Six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming such a union and be able to execute it in such a manner that it has subsisted ages and appears indissoluble, and yet that a like union should be impractical for ten or a dozen English colonies, to whom it is more necessary and must be more advantageous, and who cannot be supposed to want an equal understanding of their interest. † Works Cited Daly, Janet. â€Å"Iroquois const itution united states. † IPOAA Magazine. Social Science Journal, n. d. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . Hale, Horatio. â€Å"Iroquois Book of Rites Index. Internet Sacred Text Archive Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Iroquois Confederacy (American Indian confederation) — Britannica Online Encyclopedia. † Encyclopedia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . Kahionhes Fadden, John. â€Å"Chp 8: A New Chapter, Images of native America in the writings of Franklin, Jefferson, and Paine, â€Å"Exemplar Of Liberty†. † rat haus reality, ratical branch. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . Malinowski, Sharon, Anna J. Sheets, and Linda Schmittroth. UA†¢XA†¢L encyclopedia of Native American tribes. Detroit: UA†¢XA†¢L, 1999. Print. Myers, Merlin G.. Households and families of the Longhouse Iroquois at Six Nations Reserve. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, 2006. Print. â€Å"New York Indian Tribes and Languages. † Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Understanding Haudenosaunee Culture-1. † Syracuse Peace Council. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. . How to cite The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations, Essay examples

Branding Strategies and Product Development

Question: Discuss anout the Branding Strategies and Product Development. Answer: Introduction According to the study of the project planning, I found that branding of products related to any specific organization is getting innovated day by day in order to provide effective brand value to organization. The concerned case study is elaborating about the effective measures related to sensory branding of product. In contrast with this fact, I am evaluating the project of improving branding of products in this essay. There are various phases involved in this project. I am considering three main considerable areas in the project to be evaluated in this essay. Situations Considered According to stages used in improving branding of Color Studio Professional I have found three considerable phases related to the project implementation that needs to be reviewed in order to make the project implementation successful. Development of Gantt chart, Work breakdown structure preparation and Estimation of budget for the project development are the three considerable areas according to my point of discussion. Experiences covered in project development I have found that in the contemporary time the organizations are using sensory branding or sensory stimuli in order to make their brands powerful. Various organizations used two dimensional branding schemes for making their products popular in the target market. I noticed that, application of five senses during finalizing the branding schemes for making the product popular is the better way to attract the customers with respect to developing trends. In the concerned project of Color Studio Professional (CSP), the organization develops their brand value with the help of innovative strategies within their target market. I realized that the thought behind launching the products of CSP was justified with the five senses: A typical day in her life. I need to elaborate that this implementation of new branding perspective needed various project management stages that helped CSP to master the five sense in their branding perspective. Preparation of WBS and Gantt chart for project success was the most effective one. In addition to this, budget estimation is also one important aspect to be considered in this segment. Contribution to the situation The project management is one of the important aspects that need to be managed by the project manager. In contrast with this fact, I found the project planner of CSP very unprofessional in this particular project of improving branding of CSP. There are various aspects I noticed that the project planner needed to consider in the project development phase. Every project development concern should be based on a structured and systematic way of execution. In contrast with the segmentation of tasks and scheduling techniques I noticed various aspects are missed out in the segment of scheduling and segmenting the task. According to my specific study on the budget estimation of improving the branding of CSP I have found that the budget is correctly estimated based on the respective functionalities of the project members in this particular project of CSP. In spite of this aspect I would like to introduce one more aspect into this critical evaluation of budget estimation of CSP project. This important aspect is the project planner of CSP did not used any advanced project management tools for calculating the project budget, this is another negative aspect involved in the pproject development. In contrast with the project phases of improving branding of CSP I found the Work breakdown structure to be inefficient in comparison with one effective WBS structure. The project planner of the CSP did not explain the involved stages within the project development. Learning outcomes According to the critical evaluation done by me I have found various inefficiencies within the concerned improvisation of branding related to CSP. The organization mainly introduced various perspectives within their strategic planning in improving their branding. I found the strategic perspective related to application of five senses in improving the brand value of product. I feel this concept completely justified with respect to the objectives of the project. In spite of this primary stage of the project is justified correctly with respect to my critical evaluation of project management. There are other three aspects that were not maintained by the project planner in this project. First of these is, preparation of Work breakdown structure. I found the project planner inefficient in managing the project stages effectively, the project planner considered the project requirements in the WBS preparation; he did not considered the phases of project development. Second aspect that needs evaluation is that the budget estimation for the project cost estimation is correct but this can be improvised with the help of advanced project management tools such as Microsoft Project. Third aspect is that the project planner neglected the effectiveness of scheduling of Gantt chart. There are two day of gap between the project development phases that may include several malfunctions within project development. In addition to this, the project manager should also consider one testing phase after implementation of the project. I have found these stages being inappropriate within the project development. I think the project planner and organizational heads should be more responsible for these issues within the project planning. In contrast with this phase, I think the careful attention towards the project planning and scheduling will be helpful in solving these kinds of issues. Besides this, every project should consider one testing phase for viewing the results appropriateness. Therefore, the addition to testing phase will be helpful to resolve these issues. Conclusion The process of improving branding within the CSP for gaining more revenues and attracting more customers, I have fund the project plan inefficient in some phases. I have critically reviewed these phases in this essay in order to develop a proper structure of effective project management. In addition to this, I have provided effective measures to resolve these issues with respect to the demands of CSP. The critical evaluation is helpful in understanding the effective measures related to project management of Improvisation of branding of CSP with respect to current business trends. I have evaluated all of these aspects within this essay in order to highlight the critical review of project planning of CSP. References Alexander, B. and Heyd, B., 2014. Sonic branding within fashion retail brands: restrictions, opportunities, effectiveness and success.BS Publications, p.154. Amsteus, M., Liljegren, F., Markovic, S. and Mnsson, M., 2016. Chocolate or Succulent Chocolate: the impact of sensory descriptions on choice. Berg, P.O. and Sevn, G., 2014. Food-branding placesA sensory perspective.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,10(4), pp.289-304. Chakravarty, S.M., 2015. Sensory Branding: Branding with Senses. InCases on Branding Strategies and Product Development: Successes and Pitfalls(pp. 327-365). IGI Global. Chatterjee, S., 2015. Olfactory branding: a new trend for defining brands through smell-a case of ITC Sonar Hotel in Kolkata, India.International Journal of Trade and Global Markets,8(3), pp.196-206. Kumar, P., 2014. Multisensory Marketing-Building Sustainability Perspective in Diverse Sectors.International Journal of Marketing Business Communication,3(2). Richards, G., 2015. Food experience as integrated destination marketing strategy.World Food Tourism Summit in Estoril, Portugal,10, p.2015. Rossi, P., Borges, A. and Bakpayev, M., 2015. Private labels versus national brands: The effects of branding on sensory perceptions and purchase intentions.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,27, pp.74-79.

Negligent Tort Concept

The Kostenki Archaeological Sites

The Kostenki Archaeological Sites Kostenki refers to a complex of open-air archaeological sites located in the Pokrovsky Valley of Russia, on the west bank of the Don River, about 400 kilometers (250 miles) south of Moscow and 40 km (25 mi) south of the city of Voronezh, Russia. Together, they contain important evidence concerning the timing and complexity of the various waves of anatomically modern humans as they left Africa some 100,000 or more years ago The main site (Kostenki 14, see page 2) is located near the mouth of a small steep ravine; the upper reaches of this ravine contain evidence of a handful of other Upper Paleolithic occupations. The Kostenki sites lie deeply buried (between 10-20 meters [30-60 feet]) beneath the modern surface. The sites were buried by alluvium which was deposited by the Don River and its tributaries beginning at least 50,000 years ago. Terrace Stratigraphy The occupations at Kostenki include several Late Early Upper Paleolithic levels, dated between 42,000 to 30,000 calibrated years ago (cal BP). Smack dab in the middle of those levels is a layer of volcanic ash, associated with the volcanic eruptions of the Phlegrean Fields of Italy (aka Campanian Ignimbrite or CI Tephra), which erupted about 39,300 cal BP. The stratigraphic sequence at the Kostenki sites are broadly described as containing six main units: Modern levels at the top: black, highly humic soil with abundant bioturbation, churning by living animals, in this case mainly burrowing by rodents.Cover Loam: loess-like deposit with several stacked occupations dated to the Eastern Gravettian (such as Kostenki 1 at 29,000 cal BP; and Epi-Gravettian (Kostenki 11, 14,000-19,000 cal BP)Upper Humic Complex/Bed (UHB): yellowish chalky loam with several stacked occupations, early and mid-Upper Paleolithic, including Initial Upper Paleolithic, Aurignacian, Gravettian and local GorodsovianWhitish Loam: homogenous loam with some sub-horizontal lamination and in the lower part in situ or reworked volcanic ash (CI Tephra, independently dated 39,300 years agoLower Humic Complex/Bed (LHB): stratified loamy deposits with several stacked horizons, early and mid-Upper Paleolithic, including Initial Upper Paleolithic, Aurignacian, Gravettian and local Gorodsovian (similar to UHB)Chalky Loam: upper alluvium stratified with coarse deposits Controversy: Late Early Upper Paleolithic at Kostenki In 2007, the excavators at Kostenki (Anikovich et al.) reported that they had identified occupation levels within and below the ash level. They found the remnants of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture called the Aurignacian Dufour, numerous small bladelets quite similar to lithic tools found in similarly dated sites in western Europe. Prior to Kostenki, the Aurignacian sequence was considered the oldest component associated with modern humans at archaeological sites in Europe, underlain by Mousterian-like deposits representing Neanderthals. At Kostenki, a sophisticated tool kit of prismatic blades, burins, bone antler, and ivory artifacts, and small perforated shell ornaments lies below the CI Tephra and Aurignacian Dufour assemblage: these were identified as an earlier presence of modern humans in Eurasia than previously recognized. The discovery of modern human cultural material below the tephra was quite controversial at the time it was reported, and a debate about the context and date of the tephra arose. That debate was a complex one, best addressed elsewhere. Read more about the Pre-Aurignacian deposits at Kostenki Comments from John Hoffecker concerning initial criticism of the age of the site Since 2007, additional sites such as Byzovaya and Mamontovaya Kurya have lent additional support to the presence of early modern human occupations of the eastern Plains of Russia. Kostenki 14, also known as Markina Gora, is the main site at Kostenki, and it has been found to contain genetic evidence concerning the migration of early modern humans from Africa into Eurasia. Markina Gora is located on the flank of a ravine cut into one of the river terraces. The site covers hundred of meters of sediment within seven cultural levels. Cultural Layer (CL) I, in the Cover Loam, 26,500-27,600 cal BP, Kostenki-Avdeevo cultureCL II, within the Upper Humic Bed (UHB), 31,500-33,600 cal BP, Gorodsovian, mid Upper Paleolithic mammoth bone industryCL III, UHB, 33,200-35,300 cal BP, blade-based and bone industry, Gorodsovian, Mid Upper PaleolithicLVA (layer in volcanic ash, 39,300 cal BP), small assemblage, unipolar blades and Dufour bladelets, AurignacianCL IV in the Lower Humic Bed (LHB), older than the tephra, undiagnostic blade-dominated industryCL IVa, LHB, 36,000-39,100, a few lithics, large numbers of horse bones (at least 50 individual animals)Fossil Soil, LHB, 37,500-40,800 cal BPCL IVb, LHB, 39,900-42,200 cal BP, distinctive Upper Paleolithic, endscrapers, possible horse head out of carved mammoth ivory, human tooth (EMH) A complete early modern human skeleton was recovered from Kostenki 14 in 1954, buried in a tightly flexed position in a oval burial pit (99x39 centimeters or 39x15 inches) which had been dug through the ash layer and then was sealed by Cultural Layer III. The skeleton was direct-dated to 36,262-38,684 cal BP. The skeleton represents an adult man, 20-25 years old with a robust skull and short stature (1.6 meters [5 foot 3 inches]). A few stone flakes, animal bones and a sprinkle of dark red pigment were found in the burial pit. Based on its location within the strata, the skeleton can be generally dated to the Early Upper Paleolithic period. Genomic Sequence from Markina Gora Skeleton In 2014, Eske Willerslev and associates (Seguin-Orlando et al) reported the genomic structure of the skeleton at Markina Gora. They perfomed 12 DNA extractions from the skeletons left arm bone, and compared the sequence to the growing numbers of ancient and modern DNA. They identified genetic relationships between Kostenki 14 and Neanderthalsmore evidence that early modern humans and Neanderthals interbredas well as genetic connections to the Malta individual from Siberia and European Neolithic farmers. Further, they found a fairly distant relationship to Australo-Melanesian or eastern Asian populations. The Markina Gora skeletons DNA indicates a deep-aged human migration out of Africa separate from that of Asian populations, supporting the Southern Dispersal Route as a possible corridor for population of those areas. All humans are derived from the same populations in Africa; but we colonized the world in different waves and perhaps along different exit routes. The genomic data recovered from Markina Gora is further evidence that the population of our world by humans was very complex, and we have a long way to go before we understand it. Excavations at Kostenki Kostenki was discovered in 1879; and a long series of excavations have followed. Kostenki 14 was discovered by P.P. Efimenko in 1928 and has been excavated since the 1950s via a series of trenches. The oldest occupations at the site were reported in 2007, where the combination of great age and sophistication created quite a stir. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Upper Paleolithic , and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Anikovich MV, Sinitsyn AA, Hoffecker JF, Holliday VT, Popov VV, Lisitsyn SN, Forman SL, Levkovskaya GM, Pospelova GA, Kuzmina IE et al. 2007. Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans. Science 315(5809):223-226. Hoffecker JF. 2011. The early upper Paleolithic of eastern Europe reconsidered. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 20(1):24-39. Revedin A, Aranguren B, Becattini R, Longo L, Marconi E, Mariotti Lippi M, Skakun N, Sinitsyn A, Spiridonova E, and Svoboda J. 2010. Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(44):18815-18819. 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